一墓多族徽与商周分界

摘要：一墓多族徽是商代晚期和西周早期铜器墓中常见的一种现象。本文认为可将一墓多族徽作为晚商时期非商文化分布区的商周分界界标；商文化墓葬及墓地的族徽构成较为“单纯”，而西周时期非商文化多族徽墓葬的族徽构成呈现“多而杂”的特征；西周早期多族徽墓葬的分布地域远大于商代晚期的多族徽墓葬，这一现象应是与周初分封紧密联系的。

关键词：一墓多族徽；商系与周系；商周分界

The Phenomenon that Different Clan Insignias Excavated from One Tomb and the Divide between Shang and Zhou

Zhang Tianyu

(Beijing, 100871)

Abstract: Different clan insignias excavated from one tomb is a normal phenomenon in bronze age tombs from late Shang to early Zhou. This paper points out that the phenomenon did not appear in the third and fourth phase of Yinxu Period in westernShaanxiplain, thus it could be considered as a dividing point between Shang and Zhou. Moreover, it also can be regarded as a dividing between Shang Culture and non-Shang Culture in late Shang Dynasty. Clan insignias unearthed from tombs of Shang Culture are comparatively “simple”, while those of non-Shang Culture in Western Zhou are “complex”.  The distribution area of multi-insignia tombs in early Western Zhou is much wider than those in late Shang should owe to the Enfeoffment System started at the beginning of Zhou.

Keywords: different clan insignias excavated from one tomb, multi-insignia tomb, the divide between Shang and Zhou.