摘要：秦汉时雇佣的记载颇多。居延、敦煌所出汉简中的“庸券”，经考证乃是书写于中原内地各郡，由庸者代雇者服戍役时带到边地的雇佣券实物，是汉代更戍制度中流行的践更制的具体体现。“僦券”则多书写于边地，是对车牛等物及其主人的一种短雇。这些均是公元前后、即西汉到东汉的雇佣券。对汉简中这批雇佣文契的首次认定，改变了传统认为雇佣券最早是十六国时期的看法，比传统认为的最早雇佣券提前了三、四百年。
关键词：汉简；雇佣券；庸券；僦券；践更
A Discussion on the Employment Certificate Discovered in Han Wooden Strip Manuscripts of Juyan and Duanhuang in the Silk Road
Qu Bo, Nie Xiaohong
(Wuhan, Hubei 430077)
Abstract: The term Zhuan Yi Zhi Shi recorded in the Zhou Rites discussed how to hire servants, this often appeared in Qin-Han documents. The Yong Quan (Hiring Certificate) unearthed from Han Wooden Strip Manuscripts of Juyan and Duanhuang, were first written in the inner prefectures, and then taken to border areas by the employees. This reflected employing replacements for alternate corvee prevailed in the Alternate Corvee system of Han Dynasty. Another record, the Cu Juan (Rental Certificate), written in the border areas described a short-term rental of vehicle, cattle and their hosts. Since both of them were written in Han Dynasty, the traditional view that Employment Certificate first appeared in the time of Sixteen States should be changed to three or four hundred years earlier.
Keywords: Han wooden strip manuscripts, Employment Certificate, Hiring Certificate, Rental Certificate, the system of employing replacements for alternate corvee