摘 要：本文对叶家山M107出土的“西宫”铭文爵等相关材料进行梳理，尝试探讨西周金文中“西宫”“东宫”“南宫”的问题，并结合相关材料分析M107及叶家山西周墓地的特征。本文认为“西宫”长期为寝、庙之称，用于人名或族姓名的情况不多，且地位不详。“东宫”则多为高等级贵族之称，亦有作为宫室名之情况。“南宫”为族氏名，极少用于宫室、居处名。“东宫”铭文较集中地与王室活动相关，而少见于各封国，“西宫”的情况与“东宫”基本一致，仅有两个特例都出在曾国，“南宫”器物则散见于各诸侯国。基于现有材料，将M107定性为曾国一般公卿贵族较为稳妥。
关键词：叶家山；西周；曾国；东宫；西宫；南宫
On the Xi Gong西宫Jue-vessel Unearthed from Yejiashan Site, the Three Gong三宫Recorded in Bronze Inscriptions of Zhou Dynasty and Related Issues
Yu Wei, Chang Huaiying
(Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275) (Beijing 100710)
Abstract: This paper analyzes materials related to the inscriptions found on the Xi Gong西宫(or Western Palace) Jue-vessel, unearthed from Tomb No.M107 of Yejiashan Site, and then cross examines the bronze inscriptions of Western Zhou that discusses the Xi Gong, Dong Gong东宫(or Eastern Palace) and Nan Gong南宫(or Southern Palace). The characteristic of Tomb No.M107 and the Yejiashan Western Zhou Cemetery will also been discussed here. The authors argue that Xi Gong, normally referred to a bedchamber or a shrine, could also be referring to a people or clan’s name in a few cases. Dong Gong generally referred to high-ranking noblemen, but could also indicate a palace’s name and Nan Gong was a clan’s name, but it could also mean a palace or a place during rare occasions. Dong Gong and Xi Gong inscriptions almost always involved in activities of the Zhou Court, except two particular cases discovered in Zeng State, whereas Nan Gong inscriptions were discovered in many different vassal states. Thus, it is more likely to consider the owner of Tomb No.107 as a normal nobleman of Zeng State.
Keywords: Tomb No.M107 of Yejiashan Site, Western Zhou, Zeng State, Xi Gong, Dong Gong, Nan Gong